Battery Module and Pack tests typically evaluate the battery performance, safety mechanisms, cooling systems, and internal heating characteristics. Engineers and scientists also measure the state of charge (SoC), depth of discharge (DoD), direct current internal resistance (DCIR), and state of health (SoH) as part of the characterization and validation process. Tests are also conducted to evaluate the electronic components and systems attached to the battery, such as the battery management systems (BMS), connected wires, sensors, and battery fuses.