Diabetes Mellitus
                     DIABETES 
MELLITUS
WHAT IS DIABETES?
Diabetes happens when your body isn't 
able to take up sugar (glucose) into its 
cells and use it for energy. This results in 
a build up of extra sugar in your 
bloodstream.
Source: my.clevelandclinic.org
POORLY CONTROLLED 
DIABETES
Poorly controlled diabetes can lead to 
serious consequences, causing damage 
to a wide range of your body's organs 
and tissues including your heart, kidneys, 
eyes and nerves.
Source: my.clevelandclinic.org
WHY IS MY BLOOD 
GLUCOSE LEVEL HIGH?
The process of digestion includes 
breaking down the food you eat into 
various different nutrient sources. 
When you eat carbohydrates (for 
example, bread, rice, pasta), your body 
breaks this down into sugar (glucose).
Source: my.clevelandclinic.org
TYPE 1 DIABETES
This type is an autoimmune disease, 
meaning your body attacks itself. In this 
case, the insulin-producing cells in your 
pancreas are destroyed. Up to 10% of 
people who have diabetes have Type 1.
Source: my.clevelandclinic.org
TYPE 2 DIABETES
With this type, your body either doesn’t 
make enough insulin or your body’s cells 
don’t respond normally to the insulin. 
This is the most common type of 
diabetes. Up to 95% of people with 
diabetes have Type 2. It usually occurs in 
middle-aged and older people. 
Source: my.clevelandclinic.org
PREDIABETES
This type is the stage before Type 2 
diabetes. Your blood glucose levels are 
higher than normal but not high enough 
to be officially diagnosed with Type 2 
diabetes.
Source: my.clevelandclinic.org
GESTATIONAL 
DIABETES
This type develops in some women 
during their pregnancy. Gestational 
diabetes usually goes away after 
pregnancy. 
However, if you have gestational 
diabetes you're at higher risk of 
developing Type 2 diabetes later on in 
life.
Source: my.clevelandclinic.org
RISK FACTORS FOR 
TYPE 1 DIABETES 
1. Having a family history (parent or 
sibling) of Type 1 diabetes.
2. Injury to the pancreas (such as by 
infection, tumor, surgery or accident).
3. Presence of autoantibodies (antibodies 
that mistakenly attack your own body’s 
tissues or organs).
4. Physical stress (such as surgery or 
illness).
5. Exposure to illnesses caused by viruses.
Source: my.clevelandclinic.org
RISK FACTORS FOR 
PREDIABETES AND TYPE 2 
DIABETES 
1. Family history (parent or sibling) of 
prediabetes or Type 2 diabetes
2. Being Black, Hispanic, Native 
American, Asian-American race or 
Pacific Islander
3. Having overweight/obesity
4. Having high blood pressure
Source: my.clevelandclinic.org
RISK FACTORS FOR 
GESTATIONAL DIABETES
1. Family history (parent or sibling) of 
prediabetes or Type 2 diabetes
2. Being African-American, Hispanic, 
Native American or Asian-American
3. Having overweight/obesity before 
your pregnancy
4. Being over 25 years of age
Source: my.clevelandclinic.org