DISASTER MANAGEMENT
                     DISASTER MANAGEMENT
What is a Disaster?
A disaster is defined as a disruption on a massive 
scale, either natural or man-made, occurring in short 
or long periods. 
Disasters can lead to human, material, economic or 
environmental hardships, which can be beyond the 
bearable capacity of the affected society. 
Source: byjus.com
Impact of Disaster on Economy
As per statistics, India as a whole is vulnerable to 30 
different types of disasters that will affect the 
economic, social, and human development potential 
to such an extent that it will have long-term effects 
on productivity and macro-economic performance.
Source: byjus.com
Classification
1. Water and Climate Disaster: Flood, hail storms, 
cloudburst, cyclones, heat waves, cold waves, 
droughts, hurricanes. (Read about Cyclone 
Disaster Management separately at the linked 
article.)
2. Geological Disaster: Landslides, earthquakes, 
volcanic eruptions, tornadoes
3. Biological Disaster: Viral epidemics, pest attacks, 
cattle epidemic, and locust plagues
4. Industrial Disaster: Chemical and industrial 
accidents, mine shaft fires, oil spills
Source: byjus.com
What is Disaster Management?
1. Prevention of threat of any disaster
2. Reduction of risk of any disaster or its 
consequences
3. Readiness to deal with any disaster
4. Promptness in dealing with a disaster
5. Assessing the severity of the effects of any 
disaster
6. Rescue and relief
Source: byjus.com
National Disaster Management 
Authority (NDMA)
The National Disaster Management Authority, or the 
NDMA, is an apex body for disaster management, 
headed by the Prime Minister of India. It is 
responsible for the supervision, direction, and control 
of the National Disaster Response Force (NDRF).
Source: byjus.com
National Executive Committee 
(NEC)
The NEC is composed of high profile ministerial 
members from the government of India that include 
the Union Home Secretary as Chairperson, and the 
Secretaries to the Government of India (GoI)like 
Ministries/Departments of Agriculture, Atomic Energy, 
Defence, Drinking Water Supply, Environment and 
Forests, etc.
Source: byjus.com
State Disaster Management 
Authority (SDMA)
The Chief Minister of the respective state is the head 
of the SDMA.The State Government has a State 
Executive Committee (SEC) which assists the State 
Disaster Management Authority (SDMA) on Disaster 
Management.
Source: byjus.com
District Disaster Management 
Authority (DDMA)
The DDMA is headed by the District Collector, Deputy 
Commissioner or District Magistrate depending on 
the situation, with the elected representatives of the 
local authority as the Co-Chairperson. 
The DDMA ensures that the guidelines framed by the 
NDMA and the SDMA are followed by all the 
departments of the State Government at the District 
level and the local authorities in the District.
Source: byjus.com
Disaster Prevention and Mitigation
Proper planning and mitigation measures can play a 
leading role in risk-prone areas to minimize the worst 
effects of hazards such as earthquakes, floods, and 
cyclones.
Source: byjus.com
Risk Assessment and Vulnerability 
Mapping
Mapping and vulnerability analysis in a multi-risk 
structure will be conducted utilizing Geographic 
Information System (GIS) based databases like the 
National Database for Emergency Management 
(NDEM) and National Spatial Data Infrastructure 
(NSDI).
Source: byjus.com
Increasing Trend of Disasters in 
Urban Areas
Steps to prevent unplanned urbanization must be 
undertaken, with the plan of action formulated being 
given the highest priority. State Governments/UTs 
concerned on the other hand focus on urban drainage 
systems with special attention on non-obstruction of 
natural drainage systems.
Source: byjus.com