Zika Virus
                     ZIKA VIRUS
INTRODUCTION
• Zika virus is a mosquito-borne fl avivirus 
that was fi rst identifi ed in Uganda in 1947 
in monkeys. It was later identifi ed in 
humans in 1952 in Uganda and the United 
Republic of Tanzania.
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SOURCE: WWW.WHO.INT
OUTBREAK
• Outbreaks of Zika virus disease have been 
recorded in Africa, the Americas, Asia and 
the Pacifi c. 
• From the 1960s to 1980s, rare sporadic 
cases of human infections were found 
across Africa and Asia, typically 
accompanied by mild illness.
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SOURCE: WWW.WHO.INT
FIRST CASE OF ZIKA
• The fi rst recorded outbreak of Zika virus 
disease was reported from the Island of 
Yap (Federated States of Micronesia) in 
2007. 
• This was followed by a large outbreak of 
Zika virus infection in French Polynesia in 
2013 and other countries and territories in 
the Pacifi c
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SOURCE: WWW.WHO.INT
SIGNS
• The incubation period (the time from 
exposure to symptoms) of Zika virus 
disease is estimated to be 3–14 days. The 
majority of people infected with Zika virus 
do not develop symptoms. 
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SOURCE: WWW.WHO.INT
SYMPTOMS
• Symptoms are generally mild including 
fever, rash, conjunctivitis, muscle and 
joint pain, malaise, and headache, and 
usually last for 2–7 days.
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SOURCE: WWW.WHO.INT
COMPLICATIONS
• Zika virus infection during pregnancy is a 
cause of microcephaly and other 
congenital abnormalities in the developing 
fetus and newborn. 
• Zika infection in pregnancy also results in 
pregnancy complications such as fetal 
loss, stillbirth, and preterm birth. 
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SOURCE: WWW.WHO.INT
TRANSMISSION
• Zika virus is primarily transmitted by the 
bite of an infected mosquito from the 
Aedes genus, mainly Aedes aegypti, in 
tropical and subtropical regions. 
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SOURCE: WWW.WHO.INT
DIAGNOSIS
• Infection with Zika virus may be suspected 
based on symptoms of persons living in or 
visiting areas with Zika virus transmission 
and/or Aedes mosquito vectors. 
• A diagnosis of Zika virus infection can only 
be confi rmed by laboratory tests of blood 
or other body fl uids, such as urine or 
semen.
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SOURCE: WWW.WHO.INT
TREATMENT
• There is no treatment available for Zika 
virus infection or its associated diseases.
• Symptoms of Zika virus infection are 
usually mild. People with  symptoms such 
as fever, rash, or arthralgia should get 
plenty of rest, drink fl uids, and treat pain 
and fever with common medicines.
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SOURCE: WWW.WHO.INT
PREVENTION
• Protection against mosquito bites during 
the day and early evening is a key 
measure to prevent Zika virus infection. 
• Special attention should be given to 
prevention of mosquito bites among 
pregnant women, women of reproductive 
age, and young children.
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SOURCE: WWW.WHO.INT