Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMO) is a complex bioactive sugar molecule present in human milk. It functions as growth substrates for particular beneficial bacteria. Due to being structurally complex and diverse, extracting or synthesizing them for use in the formula is challenging. As human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) is beneficial for microbiome and immunity, therefore, many new techniques are getting researched and developed by the key player which include extracting HMO from cow milk, practicing expensive techniques (chemically or enzymatically synthesizing) or using microbes to produce them. Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMO) products are expensive because a large amount of human milk is to be synthesized to achieve a handful of HMO. Hence as a remedy extracting and synthesizing techniques are improving.