The Carding Machine Function and Carding Process in Cotton 
                     
INTRODUCTION
● Known as the 'heart of spinning', it is the second and stage of spinning.
● The carding stage is all about fibre individualisation of the cotton material 
leading to formation of sliver material. 
● The efficiency of carding machines and spinning cans determine the end 
result of yarn produced, therefore, it is important to make the choice 
carefully. 
WHAT IS CARDING?
● It is the process of removing clumps and locks from the cotton fibres that is 
received from blowroom and aligning them in parallel positions to create sliver.
● Carding is done to boost the processing efficiency levels, and render the best-
quality yarns.
● In order to maximise the productivity of carded sliver, mills should always use 
advanced carding machines and quality-assured HDPE spinning cans, with 
high dimensional accuracy for efficient carding.
● The lapping stage eliminates impurities, the willowing process loosens the 
fibre, and then they are individualised into proper strands. 
 IMPORTANCE OF CARDING STAGE
● The carding process eliminates all the neps that are generated in the 
mixing and the blowroom phases.
● Ensuring optimal cleanliness of cotton lies at the very heart of quality yarn 
production which is achieved during the carding phase.
● Fibre blending is also another extremely important result of the carding 
process.
● The sliver produced during this stage is very delicate in nature, hence the 
use of mechanically strong card cans and spinning cans is required.
ROLE OF CARDING MACHINES
● After fibre individualisation and parallelisation, the remaining neps and 
impurities are removed from the cotton fibre.
● After the short fibres are eliminated as well, the fibre blending and 
orientation is done.
● Then finally, the slivers are formed in the carding machine, preparing 
them for the next stage, i.e. drawframing. 
●  Given the importance of carding in the overall textile & yarn spinning 
process, it is only natural that leading OEMs are consistently coming up 
with advanced features in their carding machines. 
CARDING MACHINE STRUCTURE
● Carding Machines usually have a large number of different units like:
○ Chute Feed (for feeding the fibre in the machine)
○ Pipe ducts
○ Main cylinder
○ Stripping device
○ The flats
○ Grid plates
○ Transport and calendar rollers 
THE FINAL WORD
● Glitches in the carding stage can lead to a myriad of problems – right 
from sagging and/or patchy cotton webs to sliver breakage.
● Therefore, Mills need to make sure that the carding machinery is being 
operated optimally, and HDPE spinning cans are being used – for 
making the sliver handling process secure and seamless.
In the world of textile & yarn spinning, it is often said that 
“well carding is half spun” – and that sums up the 
importance of carding in the spinning process quite nicely.
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