Artificial intelligence (AI) has seen explosive growth, with neural network innovations playing a pivotal role in advancing this field. Neural networks, inspired by the human brain's structure, are foundational in creating sophisticated AI applications. In Australia, patent activity around neural networks has surged, covering diverse technologies such as backpropagation, activation functions, recurrent neural networks (RNNs), self-organizing maps, dropout, generative adversarial networks (GANs), long short-term memory networks (LSTMs), convolutional neural networks (CNNs), perceptrons, and multilayer perceptrons. This article reviews key neural network patents and their impact on AI with insights from AI Patent Attorneys.