cybercrime
                     What are the elements of 
cybercrime?
•Actus Reus (physical element)
•Mens Rea (mental element)
•Modus Operendi (computer,internet)
What is the emerging trend in 
cybercrime?
• phishing
• botnet attacks(robot)
• voice over IP communication
• cloud computing
• not only methods but impacts also changed.
What are the major cybercrimes 
in Nepal?
• IP theft and privacy
• photo mutilation
• imposter
• email fraud for ransom
• pornography
• cyber bullying
• forgery
• online gambling
• child trafficking
• sexting, sextortion, etc.
What is the punishment for a person who abets 
others to commit a computer-related offense?
If any person abuts another to commit an offense relating 
to computers under ETA Act or who attempts or is 
involved in a conspiracy to commit such an offense shall 
be liable to the punishment of a fine not exceeding fifty 
thousand Rupees or imprisonment not exceeding six 
months or with both, depending on the degree of the 
offense.
What is the punishment for an 
offense committed outside 
Nepal?
If any person commits any act which constitutes an 
offense under ETA Act and which involves the computer, 
computer system, or computer network system located 
in Nepal, even though such an act is committed while 
residing outside Nepal, a case may be filed against such 
a person and shall be punished accordingly.