article-the role of evidence based medicine (EBM)
                     THE ROLE OF 
EVIDENCE-BASED 
MEDICINE (EBM) IN 
LEGAL DECISION-
MAKING   
An Academic presentation by
Dr. Nancy, Clinical and Medical 
Research Expert
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In• EtBMr ohasd siugnicfictanitoly influenced clinical decision-
n making and legal processes.
• Judges must evaluate medical data as evidence 
in court.
• Legal professionals must develop skills to assess 
medical data effectively for medico-legal cases.
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The Legal Challenge of 
Evaluating Medical Evidence
• Judges face challenges in handling complex medical 
data without medical expertise.
• Only peer-reviewed research is considered valid in legal 
proceedings.
• Courts struggle to apply clinical studies, which are based 
on population outcomes, to individual patient cases.
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The Evolution of 
Admissibility Standards in 
C• oFryue rTetst: Required research to be “generally 
accepted” by the scientific community.
• Daubert Standard: Introduced by the U.S. Supreme Court in 
1993, judges evaluate expert testimony based on testability, 
peer review, error rate, and scientific acceptance.
• Gatekeeping: Judges ensure expert testimony follows a 
reliable scientific structure.
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 Evidence Speaks Better 
E•tEhBMi cemsphasizes high-quality care based on scientific 
evidence.
• Archie Cochrane’s research highlighted the need for 
evidence-backed medical treatments.
• Ethical decisions rooted in EBM improve patient 
outcomes and guide treatment choices.
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Validity and Application of 
Evidence
• EBM evidence must be relevant to the specific 
patient and treatment.
• Studies should be critically appraised, with support 
from meta-analyses and randomized clinical trials.
• Before appraising evidence, it’s crucial to ask: Is the 
evidence valid for the case and useful to the patient?
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Limitations of Medical 
Evidence on Ethical Cases
• Some clinical cases lack sufficient medical evidence.
• Available evidence may be inconclusive, irrelevant, or of 
poor quality.
• Biases (publication, selection, information) can affect 
the applicability and credibility of the evidence.
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How EBM Supports Legal 
A•nalysisEBM connects the best available clinical evidence with 
medical expertise and patient needs.
• Legal professionals must understand EBM to assess medical 
studies’ reliability and applicability.
• EBM aligns with Daubert principles for evaluating expert 
testimony in court.
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Case Study: Bolam v. Friern 
Hospital Management
• Background: Mr. Bolam sued after suffering a bone fracture 
during electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) at Friern Hospital.
• Legal Question: Was the hospital’s care adequate, and 
was the ECT procedure in line with medical standards?
• Decision: The court ruled the treatment was valid without 
muscle relaxants, and the hospital was not negligent.
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Conclusio
n
• EBM is crucial for evaluating medical evidence in medico-
legal cases.
• Legal professionals must understand and apply EBM 
principles to ensure expert testimony is scientifically 
sound.
• Courts demand higher scrutiny of clinical data, and 
integrating EBM is essential for successful medico-legal 
strategies.
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