Perovskites refer to a class of crystalline materials with a distinct lattice structure, widely researched for their application in next-generation solar cells. In the solar industry, perovskite compounds are typically lead-based halides, applied via solution processing onto substrates. Production is still at a pre-industrial or pilot scale, but rapid progress in scaling roll-to-roll and vapor deposition techniques is laying the groundwork for mass production. At present, perovskite module pricing is speculative but trending downward as the technology approaches commercialization. Costs are expected to undercut traditional silicon modules, potentially reaching below 20 cents per watt within the next five years. As of 2025, modules remain expensive due to limited availability and technical challenges related to stability and lifespan.