Water-based polyurethane dispersions (PUDs) for glass coatings have been experiencing steady growth due to increasing regulation on VOCs and growing demand for eco-friendly coatings. Formulators are transitioning from solvent-based systems to waterborne alternatives to comply with stricter environmental standards and reduce odor and flammability. Hybrid systems—such as PUD-acrylate and PUD-epoxy blends—are also gaining traction, combining the mechanical durability of polyurethane with the cost-effectiveness of acrylic or epoxy .