3 Things That You Must Understand About Vacuum Furnace to Know Its Working Better
                     3 Things That You 
Must Understand 
About Vacuum 
Furnace to Know Its 
Working Better
WHAT IS THE STRUCTURE OF A 
VACUUM FURNACE?
If you imagine a vacuum furnace as being a 
single component, then think again. It is not a 
regular furnace that you may see at a 
commercial place. In fact, it is a combination of 
different structures that includes power supply 
system, engine, heating device, furnace 
structure, sealed shell, conveyor on the 
outside, and temperature control system.
LET’S DISCUSS SOME OF THE MAIN 
COMPONENTS OF VACUUM FURNACE:

· Vacuum Furnace
It is situated inside the sealed furnace shell. Depending in the heating 
requirement for a particular application, the furnace is equipped with 
specific aspects including heating elements like induction coil, electron 
gun, electrode and resistance.
 · Vacuum Furnace Shell
It is the outer of the vacuum furnace and is a welded structure done with 
stainless steel or carbon steel. There is a detachable part having a joint 
surface which is sealed using sealing material. Air cooling or water cooling 
is applied so as to ensure that the shell doesn’t deform or the sealing 
material doesn’t deteriorate.
 · Vacuum System
This is the basic of vacuum process and is composed of different 
components including vacuum valve, vacuum pump and vacuum gauge.
 · Crucible
For the smelting metal application, the vacuum furnace is usually 
equipped with a crucible and in some you can find manipulators and 
automatic pouring devices for loading & unloading material purpose.
WHAT IS THE WORKING PRINCIPLE OF 
THE VACUUM FURNACE?
The basic working principle is the phase change process of heat 
medium water pertaining to heat exchange. Now, talking about how 
the system works, the first step is to start the mechanical pump. This is 
followed by the pump maintenance and diffusion pump operation. 
Alongside this the front valve of the system is opened and he pump 
valve is maintained so as to ensure diffusion pump is vacuumed. The 
temperature degree is pre-set and when this degree is achieved, it 
leads to the start of root pump. Now at this point, the bypass valve gets 
opened and the front valve is closed.
Now the pumping down of the vacuum chamber takes place. When the 
diffusion pump reaches a certain set temperature and when the 
vacuum degree is more than the quantified value the bypass valve 
closes and the front valve and high valve gets opened. Now, when the 
vacuum degree reaches the set technical requirement it leads to start 
of heat treatment. 
After the heat treatment is over, the presence of inert gases like purity 
nitrogen uniformly works through the chamber to cool down the 
vacuum chamber by the heat exchanger. Thus the heat treatment of 
the metal takes place inside the vacuum furnace.
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE 
VACUUM FURNACE?
There are different functions that are achieved using a vacuum furnace, as detailed 
below:
· Vacuum Annealing
Also termed as vacuum quenching or tempering, this method is applied to heat and cool 
the materials or material parts; and the entire heating and cooling process takes place 
specific to process regulations.
· Vacuum Sintering
In definition, sintering means a process that is used to form a solid material mass using 
the heat and pressure mechanism which takes place without any need of liquefaction 
point. Sintering is also termed as ‘frittage’. Vacuum furnace takes place by sintering the 
adjacent metal powder grains to form into parts, that is applied with process of adhesion 
and diffusion, taking place when the heat is applied inside the vacuum furnace.
· Vacuum Brazing
This is a kind of welding method in which a group of weldments are put inside the furnace 
and then heated up to the point when melting point of filler metal is achieved under the 
vacuum condition; however it is below the base metal’s melting point. You should note 
that the brazing temperature is different material to material.
Apart from the above mentioned functions, vacuum plus magnetism is also a method 
that is applied inside the vacuum furnace that is done to metal materials and for 
magnetic treatment.
Knowing the above aspects of vacuum furnaces including its functions, working 
principle and what different processes it involves like vacuum feedthrough and more 
helps to carry out your industrial vacuum heating in a precise and effective way.
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